Équipe : Oocyte Mechanics and Morphogenesis
Responsable : Marie-Emilie Terret & Marie-Hélène Verlhac
Laboratoire : UMR 7241 Centre interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (Collège de France)
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Descriptif :
Our team is studying the last stages of oogenesis in mice, consisting of two successive divisions without DNA replication. It produces functional female gametes, the oocytes, necessary for sexual reproduction. Meiotic divisions can be replicated and followed in vitro on a synchronized cell population. They are very asymmetrical in size, essential to preserve in the oocyte the maternal reserves necessary for the future development of the embryo. The nucleus of the oocyte is centered at the end of its growth. In the division that follows, the spindle on which the chromosomes are aligned must migrate from the center of the oocyte to its cortex to allow asymmetry in the size of the division. Surprisingly, these mechanisms of centering the nucleus and formation/positioning of the spindle occur in the absence of canonical centers of nucleation of microtubules, namely centrosomes. Our team is interested in the mechanisms that position chromosomes in the absence of centrosomes, processes that may play a role in the susceptibility of the female gamete to produce chromosome segregation errors. For this, we use multidisciplinary approaches at the interface between biology and physics.
Our team is studying the last stages of oogenesis in mice, consisting of two successive divisions without DNA replication. It produces functional female gametes, the oocytes, necessary for sexual reproduction. Meiotic divisions can be replicated and followed in vitro on a synchronized cell population. They are very asymmetrical in size, essential to preserve in the oocyte the maternal reserves necessary for the future development of the embryo. The nucleus of the oocyte is centered at the end of its growth. In the division that follows, the spindle on which the chromosomes are aligned must migrate from the center of the oocyte to its cortex to allow asymmetry in the size of the division. Surprisingly, these mechanisms of centering the nucleus and formation/positioning of the spindle occur in the absence of canonical centers of nucleation of microtubules, namely centrosomes. Our team is interested in the mechanisms that position chromosomes in the absence of centrosomes, processes that may play a role in the susceptibility of the female gamete to produce chromosome segregation errors. For this, we use multidisciplinary approaches at the interface between biology and physics.
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